Zoheisa Talk: A Discussion on the Origin of COVID-19 (Covid 19 bangci danin, koici piang cih tawh kisai holimna)
Gam aki halhal nawnloh hun ciang
Author: Tuang Za Khai; Eite’ hangin Pasian’ bawlsa nate kisia: Pasian’ bawlsa nate a ngeina bang leh a om ding bangin om nawnlo in, daihna pan lampial in buaina sungah mihingte in kilut pihpih kha khinta ahihna thu kiim le paam kepcingna tawh kisai thukhun (National Environmental Policy Act) a kibawl hun, 1950-1970 pek panin a kithei khinta ahi hi. Tua thu a pianna thu tampi a omte sung panin, khat pen, gam a kihal zelzelna zong ahi hi.
Covid 19 lungno a kikhawi maw, ahihkeh koipan hong piang?
Covid-19 lungno a kikhawi maw, ahihkeh koipan hongpiang? What is the origin of COVID-19? Cih tawh kizui-in muh zia ahih keileh upzia nampi nih om hi. A kikhawi dingin upna: Tulai pulnatna (COVID-19) tawh kisai, tu dongciang muhna tuamtuam anei ki om gige lai hi. Tua sungah hih lungno pen Sente in a khawi uh ahih keileh dat (chemical) tuamtuam abawlna lam pan un apiang ahih keilh a kikhahsuah hi ding hi ci-in a um pawlkhat ki om hi. Tua bangin a umte a dingin thu nih om hi. Khatna-ah: Tua coronavirus (COVID-19) icih, SARS-CoV-2 pen Wuhan a om Lungno tawh kisai kattelna mun (Wuhan Institute of Virology) ah a om ahih keileh a kikantel lungnote sungpan hong kipan lungno namkhat hi cih upna leh; a nihna ah, hih lungno pen Sente in nuntakna nei galvan (Bio Weapon) dingin tua lungno kattelna mun ah a khawina lam uh pan, sepkhialhna khat hangin, lawhcing lo in hi bangin hong ki zelh khia gawp hi ding hi cih upnate ahi hi. Hih upnate a kipatkhiat cilna pen, January kha-a The Washington Times ah thului kigelh khat pan hong kipan ahi hi. Tua thului gelh pa pen, nainggangyi siam Bill Gertz hi aa, a thului sungah; “Hih COVID-19 pen Sente in galvan dinga lungno a khawina lampan a kipan hi aa, mikangte thukan galkapbu luikhat zongh tua lungno khawina tawh kizom dingin lamet huai hi” ci-in gelh hi. USA Today in March 22 ni a thusuahna sunguah, hih thutawh kisai thului gelhpa contact in, tua-a thului tawh kisai comment hongpiak nading ka zaksak niloh uh hangin bangmah hong dawngkik lo hi ci-in gelh uh hi. Tu in ahih leh tua thului The Washington Times pan ki phiat khiat sak kik khinta hi. Tua dung zui-in, Nainggangyi siam khat mah ahi Sen. Tom Cotton (R-AR) in zongh hih virus pen Lungno khawina/ bawlna/ kattelna tawh kizom ding hi ci-in Fox News ah gen ngei hi. New York Post ah Sente’ milip khantohna tawh kisai etcikna panmun ala Steven Mosher in zongh tua bangh mah cileuleu hi. A tunga tawh kizawitawnin, Sente’ online media tuamtuam ah zongh ngaihsutna tuamtuam laang hi. The South China Morning Post ah February 20 ni hi bangin thusuak hi. “Wuhan Institute of Virology ah nasem Chen Quanjiao in a nasepna vuah a makai Wang Yangi in lungnote Seafood saite ah zuak simin, tua mun pan hibang thu (tulai natna) tawh a kizomto hi ci’n gen, cih thu kiza ahih manin, The South China Morninig Post pan dotna kava neih uhhang in Chen in sang theilo in heh hi” ci’n kigelh hi. Hih a tunga teng pen tu a pulnatna lungno, a kikhawi dingin upna hi aa, naingnganyi siamte tung panin hong kipan ahih lam a tungah ih mu hi. A kikhawi hilo aci pawl: Hih lungno pen a kibawl tawm lungno ahih keileh chemical tuamtuam pan a, hong piang tawm lungno hilo in, a om ngiat, tabawah ngiat hi aci mi pawlkhat om leuleu hi. The Washington Post tawh holimna-ah Professor Richard Ebrigh (Rutgers University, Chemical Biology) in; “tua lungno (virus) ii genome leh asunga omte kattelna dungzui in, tua lungno pen aki bawltawm (engineered) hiding in up theihna ding om kilkello hi” ci hi. Tua mah bangin professor Gerald Keusch (Medicine and international health and associate director of Boston University’s National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories) in zongh; “mihingte’ bawltawm hileh tua Virus ii RNA Sequence pen athak hi theilo hi” ci-in Vox ah gen hi. Tua dung zui-in, nate’ thu lamsang pilna nei (kantel pawl) (Scientist/ Researchers) te in hih virus tawh kisai a kattelna masa uh kong post ngei hi. Tua sungah zong mihingte’ bawltawm ding dan hitheilo ahihna kimu thei hi. Science Daily in hih virus genome (gene: RNA) a ki sittelna tung tawnin mihing bawltawm hilo aa, a om ngiat virus ahih na 96% muanhuai ahih manin, mihing bawltawm ahih keileh Sente’ khawi hi cih tawh kisai thusuah khat peuhpeuh sang nawnlo ding ahihna thu gelh hi. Leitungah nate’ thu tawh kisai thumaan thutak kat-telna-ah a minthang mahmah ahi Nature Research Journal (IF 43.070) ah zong, hih virus pen ganhing sungah (gentehna: Baak, Kala-oh) a omngiat ahih lam na suah hi. Tua mah bangin, The Lancet ah zongh hih natna aneite’ tung lianpan a lungno lakhia ngiatin kattelna-a kibawlna dung zui-in, hih virus pen Baak tung pan hong kilawh hi ding cih uphuai mahmah ahihna thu kigelh hi. Hih muhna tawh a kinai mahmah, muhna tuamtuam Science tawh kisai Research Journal tuamtuamte ah mipilte in a suah khiat uh a vum avai-in sim theih ding om khinta hi. Tua muh khiatnate mah bulphuh in hih lungno thahna ding zatui a kibawl bawl ahi hi. Koi hizaw ding? Tua ahih leh koizaw maan/dik ding? Sente in hih lungno a kawi uh mah hi ding maw? Ahih keileh, hih lungno pen ganhing tung pan hong kilawh hi ding? Sente’ khawi hiding cih upna pen Naingganyi siamte upmawhna hi aa, kattelna kihello hi. A diakin USA leh Chinate pen Ak le Gul a bangh uh ahi hi. Ki kihtalo, kilaulo tuak uh thamlo in, tua zah pi-in zong ki awlmawh khollo tuak uh hi. Tua kawmkal ah Sente’ kiang panin hih natna hong kipat ciangin, USA lam aa nainggangyi siamte in a tuamtuam a upmawh uh zong ahi thei ding mah ahi hi. Thamloh in, Wuhan Institute of Virology a kici, amuanhuai mahmah lungno tawh kisai kattelna pen Wuhan ah 2018 kum a kihong hi-in, tulai natna Wuhan pan hong kipat citciat ciang upmawh theih ding tak khat hong suak hi. Thamloh in, Sente’ social media aa, thuleeng pawlkhat akhahte in zongh a kikhawi hi ding cihlam in lai gelh uh hi. Ahi zong, tuate a tamzaw pen Hong Kong lam leh Taiwan lampan hi uh aa, Mainland China a kici, PR China, ci-in Communism a bulphut-te tawh a kilemlote pawl hituak pha deuh hi. Naingngangyi siamte in Sente’ khawi hi a cih laitak uh, tua lungno (Virus) ngiat kattelna abawl mipilte in ahih leh a tunga upmawhna thu leh tua lungno
Pst DC3000 infection alleviates subsequent freezing and heat injury to host plants via a salicylic acid-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis
Authors: Za Khai Tuang, Zhenjiang Wu, Ye Jin, Yizhong Wang, Phyo Phyo Zin Oo, Guoxin Zuo, Huazhong Shi, Wannian Yang; Abstract Abiotic stresses greatly affect the immunity of plants. However, it is unknown whether pathogen infection affects abiotic stress tolerance of host plants. Here, the effect of defense response on cold and heat tolerance of host plants was investigated in Pst DC3000-infected Arabidopsis plants, and it was found that the pathogen-induced defense response could alleviate the injury caused by subsequent cold and heat stress (38°C). Transcriptomic sequencing plus RT-qPCR analyses showed that some abiotic stress genes are up-regulated in transcription by pathogen infection, including cold signaling components ICE1, CBF1, and CBF3, and some heat signaling components HSFs and HSPs. Moreover, the pathogen-induced alleviation of cold and heat injury was lost in NahG transgenic line (SA-deficient), sid2-2 and npr1-1 mutant plants, and pathogen-induced expression of cold and heat tolerance-related genes such as CBFs and HSPs, respectively, was lost or compromised in these plants, indicating that salicylic acid signaling pathway is required for the alleviation of cold and heat injury by pathogen infection. In short, our current work showed that in fighting against pathogens, host plants also enhance their cold and heat tolerance via a salicylic acid-dependent pathway. Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13705 Want to read how cold stress affects pathogen infection? Click here.
Zomi Idol ‘IDOL’ laimal buaina
Banghangin ‘Idol’ cih kammal tawh kisai Zomite sungah buaina piang? Bang hangin hih kammal kibuaipih mahmah? A kipatna taktak pen lamdang hiaulo hi. Amang pau, amang lai mahmah ih idol luat khakna hangin apiang hi gige hi. Gentehna, Zogam sunga, Zomite bek ih omna munte ah a kibawl pawi khat peuh leh nasepna khat peuh a om ciang, thubulphuh pen manglai mah tawh gelh nuam puut sese hihang. Koi ah a mangte hong pai-in pawi hong siim ding uh hileh bel phamawh lo hi. Tua mah bangin, Zogam sung bek ah a kizuak ding T-Shirt khat peuh kibawlin, a tungah manglai malkhat mah kiguang nuam sese hi. Zolai tawh gelh ziau lel leeng ee… Manglai mahmah idol pha mahmah hihang. A kicingin na sim nop leh himun na mek in maw. Lungdam ei.
Cold stress activates disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana through a salicylic acid dependent pathway
Authors: Zhenjiang Wu, Shiming Han, Hedan Zhou, Za Khai Tuang, Yizhong Wang, Ye Jin, Huazhong Shi, Wannian Yang Abstract Exposure to short-term cold stress influences disease resistance by mechanisms that remain poorly characterized. The molecular basis of cold-activated immunity was therefore investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana inoculated with the bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000, using a transcriptomic analysis. Exposure to cold stress for 10 hr was sufficient to activate immunity, as well as H2 O2 accumulation and callose deposition. Transcriptome changes induced by the 10-hr cold treatment were similar to those caused by pathogen infection, including increased expression of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway marker genes, PR2 and PR5, and genes playing positive roles in defence against (hemi)-biotrophs. In contrast, transcripts encoding jasmonic acid (JA) pathway markers such as PR4 and MYC2 and transcripts with positive roles in defence against necrotrophs were less abundant following the 10-hr cold treatment. Cold-activated immunity was dependent on SA, being partially dependent on NPR1 and ICS1/SID2. In addition, transcripts encoding SA biosynthesis enzymes such as ICS2, PAL1, PAL2, and PAL4 (but not ICS1/SID2) and MES9 were more abundant, whereas GH3.5/WES1 and SOT12 transcripts that encode components involved in SA modification were less abundant following cold stress treatment. These findings show that cold stress cross-activates innate immune responses via a SA-dependent pathway. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; JA; PR2; PR5; Pst DC3000; SA; cold stress; disease resistance; immunity; transcriptomic analysis. Read the full article here.